Challenging Cases of Scaphoid Nonunion

There are some difficulties in treating proximal or distal scaphoid nonunion, mainly including poor vascularity of the scaphoid fragment and limited space for a stable fixation in the proximal or distal scaphoid fragment. This study reports the outcomes of treating scaphoid nonunion with open non-vascular bone grafting or arthroscopic assist for reduction, bone grafting and screw or plate fixation. Satisfactory functional and radiographic outcomes can be achieved for the challenging cases of scaphoid nonunion.